The Horsehead Nebula in Orion is one of the most recognized deep sky objects by the general public - unusual in the fact that it is quite difficult to see even with a large scope from a dark site without a special nebula filter. The Flame Nebula to the northeast (here shown below the bright star Alnitak - the easternmost star in Orion's belt) is not as well known, but it is an easier visual target in smaller telescopes.
Few realize that these two nebulae are merely bright concentrations in a huge ionized hydrogen cloud spanning most of the constellation of Orion. This superheated gas - usually above 10,000 K - glows like a neon sign at a few specific wavelengths of light. The first resonance is a very deep red known as Hydrogen alpha at a wavelength of 656.3 nm (nanometers), and it is through a filter passing only an 8 nm band of light centered on this wavelength that this picture was taken. In H-alpha light, the pollution from city lights and the bright moon are almost non-existant, while detailed structures only hinted at in other wavelengths become readily apparent.
Because the bandwidth on an H-alpha filter is so narrow, though, the images produced are monochromatic and require additional data to be taken through other filters to produce a color image.
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